Location: Xing Village, Songyang
Completion: 2016.09
背景
松陽縣樟溪鄉(xiāng)興村位于大木山茶園附近,紅糖是這里的重要的村產(chǎn)業(yè)。這里的村民至今保留著古法工藝制紅糖的傳統(tǒng),已有上百年歷史,產(chǎn)品在周邊地區(qū)很受青睞。興村由于業(yè)態(tài)活躍,農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)收入良好,現(xiàn)有常住務(wù)農(nóng)人口穩(wěn)定,很多村民新建了三四層的樓房,整個村莊的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌破壞較大。和仍然保留大量夯土墻傳統(tǒng)民居的傳統(tǒng)村落的空心現(xiàn)象不同,興村這樣的水泥樓房和夯土墻民居并置的村莊,可能不具備評選傳統(tǒng)村落的風(fēng)貌條件,卻保留活躍的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)態(tài)和穩(wěn)定人口。但是原有的紅糖家庭作坊,基本是由簡陋的輕鋼棚架搭建,管理雜亂無章,而且衛(wèi)生條件不好,也構(gòu)成村里的火災(zāi)隱患。
功能
我們相信即使建筑“硬件”不再具備傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌,人文“軟件”上的豐富生機(jī)仍然可以持續(xù)給村莊注入活力。這也是本項(xiàng)目中的主要策略。紅糖工坊傳承了村莊內(nèi)核的文化傳統(tǒng)元素,體現(xiàn)了其內(nèi)在的文化價(jià)值,也展示了興村不同于其他古村落的獨(dú)特特征。 興村紅糖工坊兼具紅糖生產(chǎn)廠房、村民活動和文化展示,是銜接村莊和田園的一處重要場所。距離村莊一定距離的選址也有效降低生產(chǎn)對村莊的影響和干擾。工坊作為村莊與四周田園間的過渡延伸,村民在生產(chǎn)活動的同時(shí)能夠欣賞田園風(fēng)光,并成為村民田間勞作之余休息休憩的場所,外來的游客也可在此停留,體驗(yàn)田園詩意、村莊生活。
劇場
興村紅糖工坊中的生產(chǎn)活動也是生活現(xiàn)場,視線開放的空間設(shè)計(jì),讓生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場如同戲劇表演現(xiàn)場;其對外、對內(nèi)均是對場景、田園和現(xiàn)場的展示。工坊強(qiáng)調(diào)著傳統(tǒng)文化的價(jià)值,可謂是活態(tài)展示的博物館。工坊的表演性、展示性賦予了它“舞臺”的性質(zhì),既是村莊生產(chǎn)活動的舞臺,也是鄉(xiāng)村生活、田園詩意疊加的舞臺。
空間
紅糖工坊建筑體量分為南北兩部分,北側(cè)與甘蔗地相鄰由紅磚圍合,成為甘蔗堆放和后勤服務(wù)區(qū),南側(cè)向村莊與田野打開,成為開放的紅糖生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)。三個挑高的輕鋼體量分別作為:休閑體驗(yàn)區(qū),甘蔗堆放區(qū)和帶有六個灶臺三十六口鍋的傳統(tǒng)紅糖加工區(qū)。環(huán)繞這三個區(qū)塊的線性走廊,成為紅糖生產(chǎn)劇場的環(huán)形看臺和參觀流線。
輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)
紅糖工坊這樣規(guī)模的小廠房,在松陽的平地村并不罕見。通常都采用經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu);在紅糖工坊的設(shè)計(jì)中,我們選取當(dāng)?shù)爻R姷倪@種輕鋼建筑形態(tài),符合大跨度生產(chǎn)空間需求, 與工廠的功能屬性吻合,結(jié)合空間功能屬性區(qū)分使用,形成清晰的材料結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)。由于古法紅糖制作需要使用明火,煙囪、排風(fēng)等設(shè)備也在設(shè)計(jì)上整體可慮和輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)融為一體。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)靈活的特性可以在生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)視線范圍完全打開,作為開放的公共空間,與村莊和田園相連,互相疊加成為富有生機(jī)的田園生產(chǎn)生活畫卷。
紅磚墻
紅磚是鄉(xiāng)村隨處可見的建筑材料。北側(cè)后勤服務(wù)區(qū)用紅磚作為封閉的圍護(hù)體系,與生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)脫開,和功能的屬性相對應(yīng)。部分非結(jié)構(gòu)的墻面作鏤空處理,既可保證私密性,又可在視線上與外面自然景觀相連。
竹棚
竹子作為當(dāng)?shù)爻R姷慕ㄖ牧媳灰朐O(shè)計(jì),作為生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)環(huán)形游廊的頂面材料界定空間范圍。纖細(xì)的竹條整齊的排列成格柵,不僅提供遮陽作用,也強(qiáng)調(diào)出“灰空間”的半室外的屬性。
地面鋪裝
生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)用紅磚鋪地,與黑色的輕鋼棚架脫開,和紅糖顏色呼應(yīng)。加工區(qū)地面將田野中田埂的線條延伸入室內(nèi),用不同的紅磚砌法加以區(qū)分。展示區(qū)則由紅磚結(jié)合綠化設(shè)計(jì),增加空間豐富性,強(qiáng)調(diào)展示區(qū)作為公共休憩空間的功能屬性。圍繞生產(chǎn)展示區(qū)的游廊則用水泥鋪地,界定空間,體現(xiàn)空間的流動性和室外性。后勤服務(wù)區(qū)塊用深色水泥鋪地,與紅色的墻面體系區(qū)分,顏色上壓住空間。
白描畫卷
受到當(dāng)?shù)卮迓潆S處可見的白描文化墻啟發(fā),我們邀請藝術(shù)學(xué)院的學(xué)生們在紅糖工坊內(nèi)外的玻璃幕墻上手工白描《山水風(fēng)景》、《田園農(nóng)耕》、《甘蔗種植》、《甘蔗運(yùn)輸》、《古法紅糖》五個篇章的畫面,展示紅糖制作流程,使建筑界面與外部的田園風(fēng)光、農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活畫面和內(nèi)部的古法紅糖生產(chǎn)過程,多重疊加成一幅動態(tài)的鄉(xiāng)村長卷。白描畫面讓四周的玻璃呈現(xiàn)一種幕布般的錯覺,再次強(qiáng)調(diào)紅糖生產(chǎn)的舞臺感和表演感。
后記
興村紅糖工坊投入使用后,不僅極大改善了傳統(tǒng)小作坊式臟、亂、差的生產(chǎn)條件,使傳統(tǒng)紅糖加工走向產(chǎn)業(yè)化加工的道路,帶動相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)“吃—品紅糖、住—紅糖特色民宿、游—甘蔗田風(fēng)景,購—傳統(tǒng)紅糖產(chǎn)品、娛—體驗(yàn)紅糖加工”的紅糖旅游系統(tǒng),提高村民收入,增加村民文化自信;而且成為了村莊的公共文化場所,已經(jīng)舉辦多場木偶戲演出及體驗(yàn)傳承活動,這也是拓展工坊功能作為劇場空間的設(shè)計(jì)意圖的體現(xiàn)。
Xing village is well known for its brown sugar production in Songyang region. Brown sugar used to be the main economical income for villagers, yet with poor production conditions in current family workshops and lack of promotion, revenue from sugar production dropped and many villagers turned their sugarcane farms into tea fields.
A brown sugar factory has been planned integrating current family workshops to improve production conditions, and away from village to avoid fire risks. This factory will carry some other village public programs as well as a showcase for visitors. The building plan is divided into four: sugarcane storage, main production areas, village program, leisure space for both villagers and visitors. Building height and structure format are based on programmatic requirements for different area. Large spaces of production and leisure are covered by light steel structures, a common form for local factories, yet the interior space is opened up by glass partitions creating horizontal transparency from inside out. The main production space is a central stage to showcase sugar workers’ working process into a live performance; village, farmland and mountains become the background of the stage. The space layout, lighting, worker’s uniform, light and shadow, even heat and steam from the cooking wok, are all choreographed; line drawings on glass walls indicate the traditional sugar production process like narration or asides. The building is a live rural museum for Xing village’s tradition and culture, creating a dynamic scroll unveiling rural life and landscape.
This building is a space for social communication between village and visitors, as well as benefiting the economic revenues: sugar price increased, revenue from sugarcanes farm has exceeded rice farm or tea field, more villagers started to grown sugar cane in their farmland. This factory is also functioned as village public space for weekend movie events, square dance performances as well as a performing space for the village puppet show group during off production season.